Nalabo abangakayitshali imali emakethe bake bezwa ngalezi zinhlobo. Kodwa uyawazi yini umehluko phakathi amasheya avamile futhi akhethwayo? Iyiphi elungele imigomo yakho yokutshala imali esitokweni? Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile ekukhetheni kahle nokuzuza imiphumela yakho.
Ukufunda Okuyinhloko
- Izabelo ezijwayelekile zinikeza ilungelo lokuvota, kuyilapho abakhethwayo bebeka phambili izabelo
- Abatshalizimali besitoko abavamile banelungelo lokungenani ku-80% yenani lemakethe uma kwenzeka kutholwa.
- Ações preferenciais oferecem maior izimali, mas menos oportunidades de valorização
- Ukuzikhethela kuncike ezinhlosweni zomtshali-zimali: ukulawula noma ukukhetha kwezinzuzo
- Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kuyisici esibalulekile ekuhloleni amasheya
Yimaphi amasheya avamile futhi akhethwayo?
Incazelo kanye nezici
As izenzo ezejwayelekile (ON) nikeza abatshalizimali ilungelo lokuvota. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi babe nomthelela ezinqumweni zenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- amasheya akhethwayo (PN) alinikezi leli lungelo. Kodwa anezinzuzo: ukubeka phambili ekutholeni izinzuzo kanye nembuyiselo uma kwenzeka uqothuka.
Umehluko phakathi kwamasheya e-ON ne-PN
As izenzo ezejwayelekile vumela ukuvota kanye izabelo eziguquguqukayo. Njengoba amasheya akhethwayo Abawaniki amavoti, kodwa banezabelo ezimisiwe. Emalini yokuqothuka, ama-PN abaluleke kakhulu ekukhokhweni.
| Izici | Ukwabelana Okujwayelekile (VULIWE) | Amasheya Akhethwayo (PN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ilungelo lokuvota | Yebo | Musa |
| Izinhlobonhlobo | Okuguquguqukayo | Kulungisiwe, nokubalulekile |
| Imbuyiselo uma kwenzeka uqothuka | Ngemuva kwabakweletwayo kanye nabanikazi bamasheya abathandwayo | Ibekwe kuqala kunabanikazi bamasheya abavamile |
Ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni
Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile (ON) babaluleke kakhulu emihlanganweni yabanikazi bamasheya. Banelungelo loku ivoti. I-Quanto main izenzo ezejwayelekile onakho, okukhulu kungokwakho isisindo sevoti. Ngakho, noma ubani onokuningi ON amasheya angakwazi ukulawula inkampani.
As imihlangano yabaninimasheya zibalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezibalulekile. Bonke abatshalizimali, noma ngabe ngamasheya afanayo noma athandwayo, bangakwazi ukuhambela le mihlangano. Zingaba mathupha, ku-inthanethi kuphela noma zixutshwe, zisebenzisa izinkundla ze-elekthronikhi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-assemblies: I-Ordinary General Assembly (AGO) kanye I-Extraordinary General Assembly (AGE). Izinkampani kufanele zazise ngale mihlangano nokuthi kuzoxoxwa ngani.
Abanikazi bamasheya abathandwayo (PN) abavoti, kodwa bangabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni. Kodwa uma bengatholi izinzuzo iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, bathola amalungelo okuvota.
"Ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele kwabatshalizimali emihlanganweni yabanikazi bamasheya kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni naseziqondisweni zezinkampani."
Kubalulekile ukuthi abaninimasheya babambe iqhaza, kungaba ngabodwa noma ngamaqembu okutshala imali. Ngakho, bangathonya izinqumo zenkampani.
Inkokhelo yedividendi
Izabelo zibaluleke kakhulu ezitokisini. Bayahlukanisa izenzo ezejwayelekile de amasheya akhethwayo. Njengoba amasheya akhethwayo nika okuhamba phambili ekutholeni izabelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abatshalizimali banamalungelo engeziwe enzuzo yenkampani.
Okubalulekile Ekutholeni Izabelo Zezabelo Ezikhethwayo
Izabelo ezivela ku amasheya akhethwayo kukhona okunqwabelanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikweletu zikhokhwa kuqala. Ngakho, abanikazi bala masheya bathola izabelo ngaphambi kwabanye.
Izabelo Ezishintshayo Zezabelo Ezijwayelekile
As izenzo ezejwayelekile pagam izabelo eziguquguqukayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkokhelo incike enzuzweni yenkampani. Uma inkampani ilahlekelwa yimali, ingase ingakhokhi izabelo.
Lo mehluko ukhombisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi izenzo ezejwayelekile e amasheya akhethwayo. Kuthinta ubungozi kanye nemivuzo kubatshalizimali.
Ukufuna okuwinile uma kwenzeka uqothuka noma ukhokhiswa imali
Lapho inkampani ingena ekuqoqweni noma ekuqedeni imali, kunomyalelo wokukhokhela abatshalizimali. Wena abaninimasheya abathandwayo zikhokhelwa ngaphambili abaninimasheya abavamile.
As amasheya akhethwayo zikhokhelwa ngaphambili izenzo ezejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho uqothuka, abanikazi bamasheya abathandwayo bathola ukukhokhelwa kuqala. Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile bathola imali kuphela uma kunemali eningi.
A umyalelo wokukhokha uma kwenzeka uqothuka umehluko izenzo ezejwayelekile e amasheya akhethwayo. Abaninimasheya abathandwayo banokuza kuqala. Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile bangabokugcina ukwamukela.
| Uhlobo Lwesenzo | Umyalelo Wokukhokha Esimeni Sokuqothuka |
|---|---|
| Amasheya Akhethwayo | Okokuqala ukuthola |
| Amasheya Avamile | Okokugcina ukwamukela |
As amasheya akhethwayo babe nezinzuzo ekuqoqweni noma ekuqedeni imali. Banokuncane amalungelo okuvota e amandla okwazisa. Nokho, banikeza okukhulu ukwabelana okuthandayo ezinkingeni.
Ukuhlonza amasheya avamile nathandwayo
Emakethe yamasheya yaseBrazil, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwamasheya avamile (ON) kanye nalawo athandwayo (PN). Lo mehluko uthinta i amakhodi okuhweba yezinkampani eziku-B3, i I-Stock Exchange evela ezweni.
Amakhodi wegama kanye nokuhweba
Amasheya avamile anikeza abanikazi bawo amalungelo okuvota. Baphetha ngenombolo 3 kukhodi yokuhweba. Isibonelo, i-VALE3, PETR3 kanye ne-WEGE3 yilezi.
Amasheya ancanyelwayo nawo abe nawo okuhamba phambili ekutholeni izabelo. Bagcina ngenombolo 4, efana ne-ITUB4, GGBR4 kanye ne-PETR4.
Kwezinye izimo, izinkampani zenza amakilasi okwabelana ahlukile, ngamakhodi agcina ngo-5, 6, 7 nangaphezulu. Lezi zenzo zinemininingwane okufanele ifundwe ngokucophelela.
| Uhlobo Lwesenzo | Ikhodi Yokuhweba | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwabelana Okujwayelekile (VULIWE) | Qeda ngenombolo 3 | I-VALE3, PETR3, WEGE3 |
| Amasheya Akhethwayo (PN) | Qeda ngenombolo 4 | ITUB4, GGBR4, PETR4 |
| Amanye Amakilasi Amasheya | Qeda ngezinombolo 5, 6, 7 nezilandelayo | Iqondile enkampanini ngayinye |
Kubalulekile ukuqonda i-nomenclature ukuze uhlonze kahle izenzo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda amalungelo nezinzuzo zomunye nomunye.
Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi be-Common Stock
As izenzo ezejwayelekile Banamandla kanye nobuthakathaka kulabo abatshala imali emakethe yezezimali. Ukwazi ngalo mehluko kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezingcono.
Okukhulu inzuzo yiyona ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni. Lokhu kunikeza abanikazi bamasheya izwi elibalulekile ezinqumweni zenkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangaletha izinzuzo eziphezulu ngenxa yakho ukuntengantenga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhona ukungalungi. O ingozi yokungatholi izabelo yisibonelo. Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile bangabokugcina ukwamukela. THE ukuntengantenga Kungase futhi kube inselele enkulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasanda kuqala.
| Izinzuzo Zamasheya Avamile | Ukungalungi kwe-Common Stock |
|---|---|
| Ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni | Ingozi yokungatholi yezabelo |
| Angase abe nembuyiselo ephezulu | Ukuguquguquka zamanani |
| Okuncamelayo kokuthi "maka eduze" uma kwenzeka kudayiswa | Izabelo eziguquguqukayo |
Ngaphambi kokutshala imali ku izenzo ezejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo kanye nebubi. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi wenze ukukhetha okungcono kwesikhwama sakho semali.
Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi Yamasheya Akhethwayo
As amasheya akhethwayo babe nezinzuzo kulabo abatshala imali, kodwa futhi banamaphuzu amabi uma kuqhathaniswa izenzo ezejwayelekile. Kuhle ukuqonda lo mehluko ngaphambi kokutshala imali.
Amalungelo ambalwa namathuba okukhula
Ububi obukhulu ukuthi abanakho ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni yenkampani. Lokhu kunciphisa ithonya labatshalizimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zenzo ukungaguquguquki kancane kunalezo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kungasho amathuba ambalwa okwenza imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umthelela wamazinga enzalo
As amasheya akhethwayo bayathinteka amanani enzalo. Uma amanani enyuka, inani lalezi zitoko lingehla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba abatshalizimali bancamela izinketho ezinembuyiselo engcono.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banezinzuzo ezinjengokwamukela izabelo ngaphambili futhi ube nokubalulekile ku ukukhokha imali enkulu uma kwenzeka uqothuka. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ubuhle nobubi ngaphambi kokutshala imali.
Ukwabelana okuvamile nokuthandwayo
Ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya kudinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi amasheya avamile futhi akhethwayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici ezingasiza umtshali-zimali ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenza eyakho isu lokutshala izimali ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
As amasheya avamile (ON) ukunikeza abaninimasheya ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni. Zilungele noma ngubani ofuna ukuba nomthelela ezinqumweni zenkampani. Ku amasheya athandwayo (PN) iqinisekisa amaphesenti aphezulu ezabelo, okungenani ngo-10% ngaphezu kwezijwayelekile.
Faka imali kukho kokubili izinhlobo zezenzo Kuyisu elihle. Ngale ndlela, umtshali-zimali angakwazi ukusizakala ngezinzuzo zesheya ngalinye. Amasheya avamile alungele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside. Okuthandwayo kungcono ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane.
| Característica | Ukwabelana Okujwayelekile (VULIWE) | Amasheya Akhethwayo (PN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ilungelo lokuvota | Yebo | Musa |
| Okubalulekile ekutholeni izabelo | Musa | Yebo, okungenani ngo-10% ngaphezulu |
| Ukunqanyulwa kwekhodi yokuhweba | 3 | 4 |
| Amalungelo wokumaka | Ubuncane obungu-80% | Ingahluka kuye ngesimo |
| Ubungozi | Ngaphansi | Kukhulu |
Qonda i ubudlelwano phakathi kokwabelana okuvamile nokuthandwayo ukhiye ku isu lokutshala izimali ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuqonda kungaholela emiphumeleni engcono esikhathini eside.
"Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa izinqumo zezezimali ngemfundo yezezimali."
Imibuzo ejwayelekile
Yimaphi amasheya avamile futhi akhethwayo?
Amasheya ingxenye encane yemali enkulu yenkampani. Banikeza abaninimasheya amalungelo nemisebenzi. Amasheya avamile (ON) anikeza amalungelo okuvota. Amasheya athandwayo (i-PN) awanikezi amavoti, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu enzuzweni kanye nembuyiselo lapho uqothuka.
Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamasheya avamile noma akhethwayo?
Amasheya avamile anikeza ilungelo lokuvota futhi izabelo eziguquguqukayo. Amasheya ancanyelwayo awanikezi amavoti, kodwa athola izinzuzo ezingaguquki. Uma ucwile, okuthandwayo kukhokhwa kuqala.
Ayini amalungelo abaninimasheya abavamile nabathandwayo?
Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile banelungelo lokuvota futhi babe nomthelela ezinqumweni zenkampani. Uma amasheya engeziwe, ivoti liphezulu. Okuthandwayo kubeka phambili abatshalizimali, ngamalungelo amakhulu ngaphezu kwenzuzo nezabelo.
Ikhokhwa kanjani izabelo kumasheya avamile nathandwayo?
Amasheya ancanyelwayo ahamba phambili ezinzuzweni, ezinqwabelene. Amasheya avamile akhokha izabelo eziguquguqukayo kuye ngenzuzo yenkampani.
Uthini umyalelo wokufuna imali etholwayo uma kwenzeka inkampani iqothuka noma iqedwa?
Emalini yokuqothuka, abanikazi bamasheya abathandwayo bakhokhelwa kuqala. Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile bakhokhelwa ekugcineni.
Ungawabona kanjani amasheya avamile futhi akhethwayo?
Amasheya avamile agcina ngenombolo 3, njenge-VALE3 kanye ne-PETR3. Ezikhethwayo zigcina ngenombolo 4, njenge-VALE4 kanye ne-PETR4. Ezinye izinkampani zenza amakilasi okwabelana ngamakhodi agcina ngo-5, 6, 7, njll.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nobubi bamasheya avamile?
Amasheya avamile anamalungelo okuvota futhi anganikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka bangatholi izinzuzo futhi bayashintshashintsha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi zamasheya akhethwayo?
Amasheya ancanyelwayo anokubaluleka kwezinzuzo kanye nokukhokhwa lapho uqothuka. Nokho, abanikezi ilungelo lokuvota futhi babe nemali encane ukuntengantenga.
Iliphi isu elingcono kakhulu lokutshala imali lamasheya avamile nakhethwayo?
Faka imali kukho kokubili izinhlobo zezenzo Kuyisu elihle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amathuba ohlobo ngalunye. Ezivamile zilungele isikhathi eside, ezithandwayo zesikhashana.
Isiphetho
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi izenzo ezejwayelekile e amasheya akhethwayo basekuvotweni, ekubekeni phambili izabelo kanye nasekufuneni izinzuzo ngokuqothuka. THE ukukhetha uhlobo lwesenzo kuncike ezinhlosweni kanye nephrofayili yengozi ye stock investor.
Ukutshala imali kuzo zombili izinhlobo kungaba isu elihle. Amasheya ancanyelwayo abeka kuqala izabelo. Amasheya avamile anikeza ilungelo lokuvota emihlanganweni. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezingcono zokuphatha. ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesitoko.
Ngamafuphi, ukukhetha phakathi izenzo ezejwayelekile ou ekhethwayo kuncike ezinhlosweni ze stock investor. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinzuzo nezingozi zohlobo ngalunye lwesenzo.
Hlola Manje! 
